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Did you know that Cathedral guards

Who were the Wawel saints? What was their task, and what does this have to do with the place near Kraków?
Well, in the 11th century, the then Górki, and today’s Świątniki Górne, became a servant village for Kraków cathedral, next to the nearby Szczytniki, Trąbki, and Świątniki Dolne.

Tags: Marcin Mikuła Locksmithing Museum in Świątniki Górne Wawel Cathedral Creative Commons licenses
Did you know that The original tomb of Queen Jadwiga

Queen Jadwiga of Poland died on the 17th of July 1399, a few weeks after giving birth to her daughter, Elizabeth Bonifacia (on the 22nd of June), probably of complications related to childbirth (puerperal fever). She was buried on the 19th of July, together with her daughter, who died at the same time, in the chancel of Wawel Cathedral, on the northern side of the platform of the main altar. Jan Długosz gave testimony to this by writing that the queen rested in Cracoviensia ecclesia ad partem Altaris laev maioris, de prope Sacrarium [Latin: in the cathedral of Kraków on the left side of the main altar, beside the ciborium]. The choice of such a prominent location was probably as a result of the fame of her holiness, as well as the efforts aimed at her canonisation, which had already been planned at the time of the queen's death.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral Queen Jadwiga grave © all rights reserved
Marble plaque commemorating the burial site of queen Jadwiga

A plaque of black marble from Dębnik, situated to the north of the base of the main altar in the Wawel cathedral. The entire eastern part of the chancel is elevated above the floor level and forms a spacious platform for celebrations of liturgical ceremonies. In the middle of it and on the sides, there are three identical protrusions.
In 1605, an Italian stonemason, Ambrogio Meazzi, was commissioned to dismantle the fence in front of St Erasmus altar (the ciborium was relocated to the Chapel of Our Lady) and move the tomb of Frederick Jagiellon, as well as to change the layout of stairs leading to the main altar.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral Queen Jadwiga death 3D plus public domain
Subjects: religion sculpted famous people death
Technique: gilding forging
Material: black marble from Dębnik
Damask fabrics from the grave of St queen Jadwiga

Queen Jadwiga d’Anjou died on July 17th, 1399, several weeks after she gave birth to her daughter, Elizabeth Bonifacia (June 22nd), probably due to labour-related complications (puerperal fever). She was buried on July 19th together with the child, who had died several days earlier, in the chancel of the Wawel cathedral, to the north of the base on which the main altar is situated. The queen was buried in rich clothing of damask with sleeves trimmed with strips of thicker fabric with rhomboid pattern.
Burial clothing is one of the most moving mementoes of the great saint. It is difficult to determine the original colour scheme of fabric that have undergone a permanent change as a result of 500 years spent in a dark and damp grave. Undoubtedly, they were extremely expensive and luxurious fabrics, reflecting very high standards of living at the court of Władysław Jagiełło and his wife Jadwiga in late 14th century. The first of these fabrics, clearly oriental in style, was probably made in Egypt in the 15th century. Patterns visible on the other two fabrics are closest to Spanish weaving manufactures from the 13th, 14th, and 15th century.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral Queen Jadwiga death Middle Ages public domain
Subjects: authority clothing famous people death
Technique: Damask fabrics
Material: silk Damask fabrics
Secretive Wawel padlock

A secret padlock with a square diameter shackle, two movable pillars, and a cover over the keyhole. The padlock has three keys and protection against thieves in the form of a latch with a serrated blade hidden inside the padlock. After pressing the handle, the blade is released.

Tags: Świątniki Górne Wawel Cathedral Wawel 3D public domain
Subjects: technics
Technique: chiselling forging welding casting
Material: iron
King Władysław’s III of Varna tombstone

The gravestone of Władysław III of Varna is shaped as a tomb, with the figure of the ruler dressed in full armour on the top slab. The giasant has a youthful face with idealised features and holds a bare sword against his chest – Szczerbiec – which serves the purpose of styling the King as an ideal Christian knight. The introduction of a particular object known to all Poles, in this case the coronation sword of polish kings, into the composition had been adopted a number of times in the culture of the 19th century, especially in Jan Matejko’s paintings. It served the purpose of making past events and figures more probable by linking them to particular items or works of art that were considered national relics. Such combinations were not always justified from a historical perspective, but they were used consciously, according to the rules of philosophy of history, which in the distant past allowed for an insight into God’s plans and some general principles governing the history of the country divided by the three partitioning powers.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral 3D plus sculpture King public domain sarcophagus
Subjects: religion sculpted famous people death
Technique: chiselling forging sculpture casting stonework
Material: bronze red marble
Burial royal insignia (sceptre and orb) of St. queen Jadwiga

In the second bay, counting from the west, of the south transept, placed against a stone wall inside an arch, on an altar stone covered with brass plate, there is a metal, glazed case in the shape of a horizontal cuboid on tiny legs. On the top strip, there is an inscription saying: SERVAE DEI REGINAE HEDVIGIS EX TUMBA A. D. 1949; on the bottom strip: IUXTA VOTA ADAE STEPHANI CARDINALIS SAPIEHA CURA STANISLAI JASINSKI SCHOLASTICI ET PAROCHI SUMPTIBUS CULTORUM SERVAE DEI. On side strips, there are highly stylised leafy ornaments and on the joints of the strips, there are highly stylised lilies. Inside, there is a baculum–type sceptre made of gilded wood, thin and elongated. Its bottom part has a handle separated with a simple ring, in the top part, there is a polygonal plate topped with a finial composed of ragged leaves. The top and bottom ends feature rounded bumps. The orb is made of wood, gilded, globe-shaped, topped with a Greek cross. Unfortunately, Jadwiga’s crown did not survive. The insignia found in Jadwiga’s grave were in no way repaired. They were treated as relics and exhibited permanently next to her sarcophagus. In order to do so, a glass display cabinet was designed and made by a Kraków-based bronzesmith, Edmund Korosadowicz.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral Queen Jadwiga grave insignia 3D plus Middle Ages © all rights reserved
Subjects: authority sculpted famous people death
Technique: gilding sculpture
Material: wood gold
The tombstone of king Jan I Olbracht

The tomb of Jan I Olbracht is a milestone piece not only for Kraków artistic circles but for the entire country. It was sculpted in the years 1502–1505 and consists of two parts executed by two different artists of different backgrounds, education and experience. From the local tradition of commemorating dead rulers derives the tomb sculpted in red stone from the Esztergom quarry, placed in a very deep niche carved into the western wall of a chapel. The tomb is decorated on the front side only (the sides are not exposed), while figural representations were replaced by a rectangular inscribed plaque. This simple and sophisticated solution clearly refers to the art of ancient Rome, in which inscription plaques were the basic element of commemoration of the deceased (Lat. tabulae ansatae). The long inscription was carved in the humanist capitals that had been created based on ancient Roman letterforms and is one of the first instances where such a font was used in Poland.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral grave 3D plus sculpture King public domain sarcophagus
Subjects: authority religion sculpted famous people death
Technique: forging sculpture stonework
Material: limestone from Pińczów red limestone from Gran
Outfit of a Wawel steward

The outfit consists of a navy-blue coat with a wide cape reaching beyond the shoulders trimmed with a red border. The coat is single-breasted, with one column of buttons, and there is a stand-up collar around the neck.

Tags: Świątniki Górne clothing Wawel Cathedral Wawel 2D fabric public domain
Subjects: clothing
Technique: sewing
Material: cloth
A model of Queen Jadwiga's sarcophagus from Wawel Cathedral

A bronze replica of the final piece which was created in November 1900. The piece is a model of Queen Jadwiga’s (died 1399) sarcophagus, which was created for Wawel Cathedral by Antoni Madeyski in Rome in the year 1902.

Tags: grave Wawel Cathedral Queen Jadwiga sculpture 3D WMM Plus public domain
Subjects: authority religion sculpted death
Technique: silver-plating chiselling grinding casting stonework
Material: bronze Italian marble
“Wawel: Cathedral’s courtyard”

This artistic photograph by Jan Motyka presents Wawel outlined with a white line, a side elevation of the Wawel cathedral with the Silver Bells’ Tower, Wawel itself, and Sigismund’s chapel. In the foreground, two men are standing in the alley; one is standing in front of the easel...

Tags: photography Kraków Wawel architecture 2D Wawel Cathedral © all rights reserved
Subjects: city technics photographed famous people
Technique: black and white photography solarisation
Material: paper
Sculpture “Saint Anthony the Abbot”

The sculpture comes from the Renaissance retable of the no longer existing altar from Wawel Cathedral dedicated to Saint Anthony the Abbot. The altar was dismantled in 1746. The further fate of the sculpture had remained unknown until 1900, when it became the property of Stanisław Larysz-Niedzielski of Śledziejowice.

Tags: sacred art Wawel Cathedral sculpture 3D plus saints Catholicism WMM Plus public domain
Subjects: religion sculpted
Technique: forging sculpture polishing
Material: brown marble
Sculpture “King David”?

The sculpture depicts the figure of a king standing in a contrapposto pose, turned slightly right.
The sculpture is a copy (with some modifications) of the Saint Sigismund's statue, made in marble, which is placed in the right niche of the southern wall of the Sigismund's Chapel (the so-called throne wall).

Tags: sacred art allegory Wawel Renaissance Wawel Cathedral Bible sculpture 3D plus WMM Plus public domain
Subjects: authority religion sculpted
Technique: forging sculpture polishing
Material: limestone from Pińczów
A Statue of Saint Stanislaus

This sculpture in the round depicts the figure of St. Stanislaus in pontifical robes, but without the attributes. The figure was originally placed on top of the western façade of Wawel Cathedral, but it was removed during conservation works in 1898, and it was replaced with a copy made by Zygmunt Langman.

Tags: Kraków sacred art Wawel Cathedral sculpture 3D plus romanesque art saints Catholicism WMM Plus public domain
Subjects: religion sculpted
Technique: forging sculpture polishing
Material: limestone from Pińczów
Miniature of the sarcophagus of Casimir IV the Jagiellonian from the Holy Cross Chapel of Wawel Cathedral

A factory for the production of artistic metal castings was established in Warsaw, in the Kingdom of Poland, by Karol Fryderyk Minter. Minter was of Prussian descent and was educated in Berlin and Copenhagen. The factory became famous for its ornamental works (which were predominantly patriotic in design) which were produced during the years 1845–1879. One series produced comprised a set of twenty-one memorials of Polish rulers, including sixteen miniaturized copies of royal and princely tombs, with nine of these being Wawel royal tombs.

Tags: grave Wawel Cathedral sculpture 3D plus King 3D WMM Plus public domain
Subjects: authority religion death memory
Technique: patination casting
Material: bronze
The tombstone of king Kazimierz III the Great

Kazimierz III’s (Casimir the Great’s)  tombstone was sculpted in red limestone from the Hungarian town of Esztergom, which has been traditionally called ‘marble’. It may be assumed that the type of material was consciously selected, since the colour red had been associated with power and reserved for rulers since the time of the Roman Empire. The king’s tomb was sculpted on three sides only. On the top slab, there is a gisant supporting his legs on a lion, which most often symbolised valour in medieval times and was frequently used to propagate royal virtues. Comparing the ruler to a lion is one of the most recurring topoi of medieval culture. The king was depicted as an old man with long hair and a beard styled in tight curls. Works on this subject mistakenly claim this depiction to be a realistic study of the king’s face. In fact it is an example of a physiognomic type typical of the Middle Ages, which aimed at presenting the ruler as a wise and strict old man modelled after depictions of great ancient sages, Old Testament prophets, apostles, and other venerable figures from the past. The king was portrayed in a leather tunic and a loose cloak, garments which were characteristic of court fashion in the 3rd quarter of the 14th century. Especially of note is the magnificent belt comprising elements shaped as fortified buildings. It may be assumed that it carries an eschatological message via reference to the Heavenly Jerusalem.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral grave 3D plus sculpture King gothic public domain sarcophagus
Subjects: authority religion sculpted famous people death
Technique: forging sculpture stonework
Material: limestone from Pińczów red limestone from Gran
The tombstone of king Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk

Kazimierz IV’s tomb is one of the most spectacular pieces of late gothic art. On the one hand, it clearly refers to a local tradition started by Władysław I Łokietek’s tombstone; on the other hand, it comprised of a number of unique iconographic solutions that exhibit erudition of local intellectual circles. The king lies on the top slab of the tomb, but his figure is presented in an utterly exceptional way. It is an extremely expressive and veristic image because the ruler was captured in agony. What is more, unlike the earlier royal tombs in Kraków, Kazimierz IV is dressed in a clergyman’s robe, which was used only for a coronation ceremony. The richly draped cope, clasped at the chest with a magnificent brooch, attracts special attention. It is a singular image with no analogical piece found so far. It is most often interpreted within the scope of patristics of the early Christian Church; the king’s physical death was juxtaposed with the birth of the soul to eternal life.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral grave 3D plus sculpture King gothic public domain sarcophagus
Subjects: authority religion sculpted famous people death
Technique: forging sculpture stonework
Material: limestone from Pińczów red stone from Adnet
Alms pouch

A small pouch made of a long piece of fabric sewn in half, reinforced on the sides with a silk tape, with a binding in the top part and a hole for a string used to tighten and loosen the pouch. At the bottom, there are decorative elements (tassels) consisting of gold circles made of thread and long single tassels. The whole pouch is embroidered with split stitch, long and short stitch and fishbone stitch. On one side, there are four human figures among thin trees with palmate leaves resembling oak leaves. On the other side, the same young woman is being led up a hill by the old man. Although interpretation of the scenes on the alms pouch is not certain, it is most likely they depict episodes from the story of Tristan and Iseult.  The tale of unhappy love of brave Tristan to beautiful Iseult, the wife of king Mark of Cornwall, was written down for the first time in the 12th century and has been reappearing since then in many countries and language versions. Scenes embroidered on the pouch, enrooted in the Arthurian tradition, depict the clash of a sophisticated world of courtly ways (young and beautiful lovers) with wild forces of nature (the old men). There are only several alms pouches with similar decorations preserved until now.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral Queen Jadwiga 3D plus sacred art fabric ornamental techniques Middle Ages public domain embroidery
Subjects: religion famous people
Technique: embroidery sewing
Material: canvas silk silk thread gold thread
Queen Jadwiga’s tombstone

Carved in a single block of marble from Carrara and covered with a slightly smaller flat block with the figure of the queen lying with head directed towards the east. It is situated in the first arcade from the west in the southern wing of the ambulatory. An austere block tomb is supported by a base decorated with highly stylised lilies, a frize of square panels filled with heraldic eagles in the top part. The longer side (southern) is divided into seven panels, with the outer ones overlapping narrower sides.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral Queen Jadwiga cult grave 3D plus sculpture public domain sarcophagus
Subjects: religion sculpted famous people death
Technique: forging sculpture stonework
Material: carrara marble
The tombstone of king Władysław I the Short

The circumstances in which Władysław I Łokietek’s gravestone was founded remain unknown. The artistic form of the tomb was mentioned for the first time as late as in Annals of the Famous Kingdom of Poland by Jan Długosz : his body is buried in the cathedral church by the main altar, to the left, in a tomb of white marble adorned with sculptures and a canopy, in front of St. Władysław’s altar, which he, in his lifetime, ordered to be built and furnished. St. Władysław’s altar mentioned here was actually founded by Łokietek’s son – Kazimierz the Great – most likely soon after 1333.

Tags: Wawel Cathedral grave 3D plus sculpture King gothic public domain sarcophagus
Subjects: authority religion sculpted famous people death
Technique: forging sculpture stonework
Material: limestone from Pińczów
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The Małopolska's Virtual Museums project is co-funded by the European Union within the Małopolska Regional Operational Programme for the years 2007-2013 and the Małopolska Province, as the undertaking of the Department of Business Development of the Office of Małopolska Province Marshal and the Małopolska Institute of Culture in Kraków in cooperation with 35 museums from the Małopolska region.