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Wirtualne Muzea Małopolski

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Did you know that Jeweller’s code

Objects derived from noble metals were usually marked with signs, so-called features. Their appearance on goldsmith’s products, their number and significance were related to regulations issued by craftsmen’s guilds, then also by city and state authorities. These small marks with numbers and symbols in various shapes, which often remind us of cavities, are an extremely valuable source of information about the artwork. It is possible to specify several types of symbols when recognizing their elements and functions.

Tags: jewellery silversmiths chalice Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: technics surprising
Did you know that Beads made from…bread

Red beads were one of the basic elements of traditional folk costumes. However, not all beads adorning our great-grandmothers' necks had noble origins. Genuine coral beads could be so expensive that many girls could only dream of them. With a bit of dexterity and ingenuity, this obstacle was successfully overcome.

Tags: The Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Kraków jewellery woman Creative Commons licenses
Men's shirt collar stud

In the 19th century, jewellery was worn with folk costumes both by women and men who tied a red ribbon around the shirt collar or fastened the sides of the collar with a collar stud. It was usually made of an alloy of lead, zinc and nickel (bakfon — a material made of imitation silver). The collar stud was adorned with a bead, although few men could afford real coral beads, artificial or even bread beads were used much more often.

Tags: clothing jewellery 3D folk costume public domain
Subjects: clothing
Technique: sawing soldering casting
Material: brass brass wire artificial coral bakfon
Bronze hoard from Stefkowa

Treasure consists of objects found that had been collected and deliberately hidden (deposited), usually in the ground, for some specific reason. Deposits of treasure from the Bronze and early Iron Age are especially numerous; these usually included ornaments, tools, weapons and sometimes bronze vessels.

Tags: excavations hoard jewellery 3D public domain
Subjects: daily life clothing excavated from the earth
Technique: casting
Material: bronze
“Kidney-shaped” malachite

Malachite is a mineral of the carbonate class, one of the most common minerals and it is widely spread throughout the Earth’s crust. From antiquity, it has been valued as an ornamental stone, amulet and as a medicine. Malachite has been used to produce jewellery, household goods, facing plates used for interior finishing, as well as green dyes and paints.

Tags: mineral nature jewellery 3D plus WMM Plus public domain
Subjects: nature excavated from the earth
Material: mineral
Necklace from Czersk

Silver necklace made of several strands of double stranded wire. The ends of the necklace are forged in the lenticular plate form, decorated on one ornament, completed with hook and eye fastening.

Tags: jewellery Middle Ages craft archeology 3D public domain
Subjects: daily life clothing excavated from the earth
Technique: forging
Material: silver
Cross from the collection of patriotic jewelry

The exhibit comes from a rich collection of patriotic jewellery in the Chrzanów museum. Such jewellery is often called mourning jewellery as it often came from the period of national mourning that followed on Polish territory the defeat of the January Insurrection of 1863.

Tags: jewellery 3D cross history 3D plus public domain
Subjects: religion war sculpted memory
Technique: chiselling sculpture casting
Material: brass silver ebony
Men's shirt buckle

Shirt buckle – a decoration appearing in a costume of the Podhale region, used to fasten a man's shirt on the chest. It was purchased for the collection of the Tatra Museum by Juliusz Zborowski, a director of this institution, from Ignacy Prokop “Magdziarz” of Ratułów for the price of three million Polish marks in 1924.

Tags: The Podhale highlanders clothing 3D jewellery folk costume public domain
Subjects: clothing rural areas mountain
Technique: forging embossing stamping technique cutting
Material: brass sheet iron wire
Marcasite from “Pomorzany” Coalmine

Marcasite is a common mineral, which is finding mainly in sedimentary rocks, like limestones, marls or clayey rocks. It belongs to the class of sulphides. Marcasite at increased temperatures undergoes irreversibly in pyrite, because it is a impermanent form of pyrite. Marcasite and pyrite are polymorphic variants of iron sulfide. It has a brass-yellow color with a greenish tinge and a metallic sheen.

Tags: mine nature mineral jewellery 3D plus public domain
Subjects: nature excavated from the earth
Material: mineral
A black pendant with a cross – a prop from the School of Fine Arts

This is probably a piece of funereal jewellery from the time of the partitions. Corals, along with the cross, have probably been made of black lacquer, with velvet tapes for tying around the neck. The object was used as a prop in the School of Fine Arts in Kraków.

Tags: public domain Virtual Małopolska Jan Matejko religion jewellery 3D plus
Subjects: religion
Material: lacquerware
Did you know that Remember about the temple, “Mazel Tov!”

The motif of decorating Jewish wedding rings with a model of a building appeared as early as the Middle Ages. The top represented either a house to be shared by a young married couple, or – as in the case of the ring presented on our website – a symbolic depiction of the Holy Temple of Jerusalem. The destruction of the Holy Temple is a recurring motif throughout the entire wedding ceremony.

Tags: judaica The Nowy Sacz District Museum The Irena and Mieczysław Mazaraki Museum in Chrzanów jewellery marriage Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: multiculture daily life religion
Did you know that “Harei at mekudeshet li b'taba'at zo k'dat Moshe”

In keeping with tradition, the groom puts on the ring on the finger of his bride as a symbolic confirmation of the marriage contract (ketubah). The ring must be modest, without precious stones. The bride should not have the impression that the object she receives is of high value...

Tags: judaica The Nowy Sacz District Museum The Irena and Mieczysław Mazaraki Museum in Chrzanów jewellery marriage Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: multiculture daily life religion
Celtic glass bead

The glass bead was accidently discovered during the surface research conducted in 1997 in the town of Dziewięcioły (District of Miechów, the Małopolska Province). It was made of yellow opaque glass...

Tags: excavations jewellery archeology 3D 3D plus public domain
Subjects: daily life clothing excavated from the earth
Material: clear glass
Did you know that What connects the valuables of the Scythian princess with a Tibetan medical kit?

What connects the Tibetan medical kit – one of the oldest items in the collection of the Ethnographic Museum – to the costume of the Scynthian princess – one of the most valuable exhibits of the Archaeological Museum of Kraków? 

Tags: The Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Kraków The Archaeological Museum of Kraków jewellery hoard pharmacy Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: famous people death
Jewish wedding ring

The ring was purchased for the museum collection in 1998 in one of the antique shops in Sącz. According to the owner of the shop, the ring was found among other objects hidden in one of the houses in Nowy Sącz during the war. The exhibit has a great historical value, as only a few similar objects could be found in Polish museum collections.

Tags: judaica marriage jewellery silversmiths Jews 3D multiculturalism customs 3D plus public domain
Subjects: multiculture daily life religion
Technique: engraving niello
Material: gold
Fibula of Łużyce

The clasp was discovered by Lidia Dobrzańska, primary school student, residing in Dabrowa Tarnowska summer of 1955 years. The girl, a dip in the Dunajec in Żabno noticed a nearby clump river a shiny object. It was a clasp brown and bronze springs — spiral rings fingerclip.

Tags: archeology Iron Age Bronze Age 3D jewellery audiodescription craft ancient cultures 3D plus public domain
Subjects: daily life clothing excavated from the earth
Technique: bending casting
Material: bronze
Costume of a Scythian princess from Ryzhanovka

Since 1887 the collection of the Archaeological Museum of Kraków has boasted the equipment of a rich Scythian female tomb situated under the mound of a kurgan, examined in Ryzhanovka near Zvenyhorodka in Ukraine by Gotfryd Ossowski, the first curator of the Museum of National Antiquities (from which today’s Archaeological Museum has originated) at the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków.

Tags: grave clothing jewellery archeology 3D 3D plus finery woman public domain
Subjects: clothing death
Technique: chasing chiselling forging soldering cutting bending casting
Material: wool gold sheet
“Princely” grave from Jakuszowice near Kazimierza Wielka

The find is dated back to the 1st half of the 5th century (before 434). It is one of the most interesting pieces of proof of contact between the peoples inhabiting the area of southern Poland and the Huns in the 1st half of the 5th century. The grave was discovered by accident in 1911 while mining sand. The majority of the excavated objects were smuggled to Kraków over the then Russian-Austrian border.

Tags: excavations grave military jewellery authority craft 2D silversmiths public domain
Subjects: authority clothing excavated from the earth death
Technique: forging niello inlaying die cutting cutting
Material: leather silver gold iron gold sheet semi-precious stones almandine amber
Ring of the Kraków’s mayors

The date of creation was engraved inside the golden hoop of the ring: 1532. The octagonal sapphire stone of the ring is decorated with Kraków’s coat of arms made in a concave relief. The ring was the symbol of the mayor’s power, and also served as a city seal. The stone needed to be made from a hard, abrasion-resistant material.

Tags: ornamental techniques coat of arms seal Kraków city jewellery 3D 3D plus public domain
Subjects: authority city
Technique: engraving chiselling inlaying casting
Material: sapphire gold
Ring for perfume

 

The massive ring is made of metal, painted in gold and decorated with a hemispherical ornament and a thin, striped ring around the socket. There is pearl inside the socket.

Tags: Virtual Małopolska scent perfumes object jewellery public domain 3D plus 3D
Subjects: daily life body surprising
Material: metal
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The Małopolska's Virtual Museums project is co-funded by the European Union within the Małopolska Regional Operational Programme for the years 2007-2013 and the Małopolska Province, as the undertaking of the Department of Business Development of the Office of Małopolska Province Marshal and the Małopolska Institute of Culture in Kraków in cooperation with 35 museums from the Małopolska region.