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Did you know that Ornamental subtexts

One of the ideas guiding us in the creation of the portal Małopolska’s Virtual Museums is to draw attention to the details of the exhibits, often overlooked intricate decorations, which sometimes surprise when looking closer at the texture and shapes of the presented objects. We strive to use advanced technology to bring out these details and draw people closer to them. With the help of such “magnification”, we would like you to stop you for a moment, or maybe even sometimes make you feel delighted?
What do the ornaments want? What are they to a work of art? Could an ornament be a signature? These, and many other interesting questions, came up during the LXIII National Science Session of the Association of Art Historians entitled Ornament and decoration of a work of art (November 20-22, 2014, Kraków), in which we had the pleasure of participating, presenting exhibits selected for the conference subject matter from the collection of Małopolska’s Virtual Museums.

Tags: sculpture furniture folk art fabric Middle Ages craft rococo silversmiths baroque sacred art ornament multiculturalism authority event ceramics Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: surprising
Did you know that “Horror vacui” or “amor vacui” – reflections on the attitude to emptiness

The problem of emptiness has been an important issue in the history of thought. The first attempts to define it and, above all, to prove its existence or non-existence date back to the 5th century BC. Among the many philosophical assumptions, there was the view maintained for a very long time, right up until the 16th century, which was in line with the Aristotelian concept formulated as: “nature abhors a vacuum,” or horror vacui. Aristotle understood emptiness as a space devoid of a body (matter); however, he rejected its existence, not seeing any reason for it.

Tags: ornament ornamental techniques Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: surprising
Did you know that Jeweller’s code

Objects derived from noble metals were usually marked with signs, so-called features. Their appearance on goldsmith’s products, their number and significance were related to regulations issued by craftsmen’s guilds, then also by city and state authorities. These small marks with numbers and symbols in various shapes, which often remind us of cavities, are an extremely valuable source of information about the artwork. It is possible to specify several types of symbols when recognizing their elements and functions.

Tags: jewellery silversmiths chalice Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: technics surprising
Did you know that Artistic episode in Tadeusz Kościuszko’s life

Could Tadeusz Kościuszko, the famous leader of the Uprising in 1794, have been a painter?
In the National Museum in Kraków, there are nudes made with a red-brown chalk (so-called sanguine) and watercolour panoramas of Rome painted by Kościuszko.

Tags: The National Museum in Kraków Paris painting Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: famous people surprising
Did you know that The magic of the lantern and the magic of the cinema

While the camera obscura was the prototype of a camera, the magic lantern had the same function, i.e. a that of a cinematographic projector.
A dark room and a blank wall. If necessary, a white sheet can be hung on it.

Tags: Museum of Photography in Kraków invention cinema technique Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: technics surprising
Did you know that About the devil who wanted to hide the silver mines near Olkusz

One of the legends of the town of Olkusz, passed down by generations, tells the story of the silver mines, to which the town owed its prosperity. One day, the devil decided to fill up the excavations that were so valuable for the inhabitants of the region.

Tags: mine Olkusz The Geological Museum at the Faculty of Geology Geophysics and Environmental Protection of the AGH University of Science and Technology mineral legend Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: surprising excavated from the earth
Did you know that “Columbus egg”, that is, about drawing the thinnest line in painting

An ancient historian from the 1st century — Pliny the Elder — in his 37-volume encyclopedia titled Natural history, compiled knowledge gathered from works of about 200 authors, thanks to which he preserved the echoes of lost writings and information about the Greek world for posterity, which included many stories concerning art. It was he who repeated the now famous anecdote about the dispute between Apelles — the greatest painter of his time — and another representative of this craft: Protogenes. Apelles — once he had heard of the fame of his competitor — went to Rhodes to see his works. However, he did not find the painter at home, while a board ready to be painted was set on the easel, watched by an old woman. When she asked Apelles who was visiting, the painter grabbed the brush and drew an extremely thin line through the centre of the painting, then he replied: “That’s who.”

Tags: painting Ancient Greece Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: painted surprising
Knee-boot jack

The knee-boot jack was donated by Mr Piwowarczyk of Dębowa in 1982. The base has a grooved fragment for a heel, used to put a foot with a boot on it. It is also equipped with a horseshoe-shaped protection that supports the boot and facilitates its taking off.

Tags: shoes everyday life invention 3D tools public domain
Subjects: technics daily life surprising
Material: wood
Patches from the spacesuit which belonged to Mirosław Hermaszewski, general and pilot-cosmonaut

Mirosław Hermaszewski — a brigadier general of the Polish Army and a cosmonaut, was the first and the only Pole to fly into space. In 1976, together with Colonel Zenon Jankowski, he was chosen from several hundred Polish pilots as the candidate for a space flight organised within the international Intercosmos space programme. 

Tags: aviation army event cosmos 2D audiodescription PRL public domain eagle
Subjects: famous people surprising
Rock salt hair and fibrous salt

White salt hair grows on a light grey marl loam. Salt hair is a very original form of those taken by halite. Fibres – in fact, halite crystals in special conditions – grow in one direction. Sometimes, the density of fibres may favour their crystal clumping. The hair then transforms into a fibrous salt, preserving a specific needle structure.

Tags: Wieliczka salt 3D saints nature public domain
Subjects: surprising nature
Material: salt
Did you know that The aconite from the stained glass window and the “Herbarium” by Szymon Syreniusz

Among the medicinal plants preserved on the stained glass, which can be seen in the Museum of Pharmacy of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, there is an aconite specimen with a blue inflorescence, which, according to Greek mythology, grew out of the saliva of Cerberus guarding the gates of Hades. What does another exhibit in the collection of WMM  – Herbarium by Szymon Syreniusz – say about it?

Tags: herbs disease The Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków plants mitology Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: health surprising nature
Did you know that Shoes

Shoes – although damaged and worn out, they are like fingerprints; the leather from which they are made adopts a specific shape and fits so that they could be used as a mould for making a cast of the foot. In forensic science, a footprint is as important as fingerprints. The study of such prints (footprints, shoe soles, animal prints...

Tags: The Cultural Meeting Centre in Dąbrowa Tarnowska shoes The Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Kraków Family Home of John Paul II Museum in Wadowice John Paul II The Cardinal Karol Wojtyła Archdiocesan Museum in Kraków mountains Karol Wojtyła Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: daily life clothing surprising
Did you know that From Ornament of Late Antiquity to Netherlandish Grotesque

On one of the seven hills of Rome – the Esquiline Hill – caves full of ancient paintings were excavated around 1480 under the foundations of medieval buildings. Their walls were decorated with fantastic, light and symmetrical structures created of figural, animal and floral motifs. La grotte, or caves, were in fact ruins of the villa of the Emperor Nero. It was called Domus Aurea because of the extraordinarily rich decoration of the walls and the inner part of the dome, which were covered with gold and paintings. They were created between AD 54 and 68 and related to the turn of the Third Style and Fourth Style of Pompeian painting.

 

Tags: Renaissance plants ornament excavations animals Rome Creative Commons licenses
Subjects: surprising nature excavated from the earth
Sister Konstancja Studzińska’s master’s degree diploma

Konstancja Studzińska (1787–1853) była pierwszą kobietą w Europie, która ukończyła studia i otrzymała dyplom magistra farmacji. Fakt ukończenia studiów farmaceutycznych przez kobietę w 1 poł. XIX wieku, w czasie, kiedy kobiety nie miały możliwości studiowania, można uznać za wyjątkowy. Konstancja Studzińska pracowała wówczas w prowadzonej przez siostry zakonne aptece szpitala św. Łazarza w Krakowie. Władze uniwersyteckie zarzucały zakonnym aptekarkom niekompetencję i dążyły do tego, by zarządzanie apteką przekazać odpowiednio przygotowanym do zawodu aptekarzom.

Tags: medicine pharmacy religion 2D Jagiellonian University audiodescription document public domain
Subjects: daily life surprising written
Material: paper
Pill gilding box

Prezentowana drewniana puszka w kulistym kształcie służyła w aptece do pozłacania i posrebrzania pigułek. W ten sposób łagodzono ich przykry smak, a także zabezpieczano przed wysychaniem i psuciem. Sposób powlekania pigułek złotem można znaleźć na przykład w Farmacyi Teodora...

Tags: health disease medicine vessel pharmacy 3D 3D plus audiodescription public domain
Subjects: health surprising
Technique: turning
Material: wood
Halite with organic inclusions

This specimen from the collection of The Geological Museum of the AGH University of Science and Technology is unusual, because in its crystal structure is a foreign body. This phenomenon is called inclusion (known as organic infix too). Inclusion has its strict regularities, for example – the presence of another mineral in the mineral, like diamond in a diamond structure. Sometimes, completely by accident...

Tags: salt 3D nature mineral plants public domain
Subjects: surprising nature excavated from the earth
Material: salt crystal mineral
“Hakuji” vessel by Manji Inoue

The process of producing vessels of white porcelain is regarded as being exceptionally difficult, since, as it is baked in a furnace, small particles can easily permeate inside, and they can dye the porcelain forms, thus disrupting the whole process. One of the most outstanding contemporary hakuji artist is Manji Inoue (born 1929), the Japanese creator who was awarded, in 1995, with the honourable title of “The Living National Treasure” (Ningen Kokuhō).

Tags: Japan craft hoard 3D ceramics WMM Plus © all rights reserved
Subjects: at the table surprising
Technique: baking
Material: hakuji porcelain
“Grotta del Cane”

The present anonymous painting depicts the famous Grotta del Cane [it. Cave of Dogs]. It is located near Naples, by Lake Agname. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the cave was one of the tourist attractions of the region, visited by aristocrats and intellectuals travelling across Italy as part of so-called Grand Tour: a journey through the Old Continent, which was a traditional stage in the education of European elites.

Tags: painting public domain Virtual Małopolska animals nature 3D plus
Subjects: painted surprising
Technique: gouache
Material: paper
Halite crystals on the watering can

A wooden watering can, covered with salt crystals, is undoubtedly an original, but also a typical, object. Many of the objects left by the miners in the mine, especially those that were sunk in brine (salt water), changed their appearance and...

Tags: Wieliczka salt crystal mineral 3D nature public domain
Subjects: surprising nature
Material: wood salt crystal mineral
Jakub Woynarowski, “Outopos”

Outopos is an interactive diagram, that works only in the form of a website. Its hypertext structure is based on a series of graphics, text, and animation. In its design, the diagram is a conceptual grid, which creates a variable, visual essay, on the subject of utopia as the perfect non-existent place, “non-place” (outopos). The virtual space, where the work is located, is particularly suited to contemporary reflection on the topic of utopia, fitting into the framework of the construction of the new world.

Tags: graphics © all rights reserved utopia 3D plus Virtual Małopolska
Subjects: surprising written contemporary art
Technique: virtual diagram
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The Małopolska's Virtual Museums project is co-funded by the European Union within the Małopolska Regional Operational Programme for the years 2007-2013 and the Małopolska Province, as the undertaking of the Department of Business Development of the Office of Małopolska Province Marshal and the Małopolska Institute of Culture in Kraków in cooperation with 35 museums from the Małopolska region.