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Date of production 17th and 18th century, typical horse tack of eastern type, used by Polish magnates in the 17th and 18th centuries
Place of creation Poland, Turkey
Dimensions height: saddle: 35 × 53 cm; stirrups: 20 cm; shabrack: 103.5 × 97 cm; tassets: 26 × 20 cm; cap with pinned eagle feathers (szkofia): 21.6 cm
ID no. MNK-V-4325, MNK-V-4326, MNK-V-4327, MNK-V-4328
Museum The National Museum in Kraków
Branch Main Building
Gallery Arms and Uniforms in Poland
Subjects authority, war, famous people
Technique gold thread embroidery, casting, chiselling, inlaying
Material wood, leather, glass, velvet, silver sheet
Acquired date from the Adam Sapieha collection; deposit purchased in 1984
Object copyright The National Museum in Kraków
Digital images copyright public domain
Digitalisation RDW MIC, Małopolska's Virtual Museums project
Tags ornamental techniques , military , fabric , horse riding , baronage , 2D , public domain

Print description

The horse tack shown is a part of the almost typical horse-riding equipment used in the Republic of Poland by rich noblemen and magnates in the 17^th and 18^th centuries.
The tack consists of a saddle, a girth, stirrups and a bridle with szkofia and a breastplate. The shabrack with a pair of tassets also originates from Adam Sapieha's collection, though the previous owner is unknown.

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The horse tack shown is a part of the almost typical horse-riding equipment used in the Republic of Poland by rich noblemen and magnates in the 17^th and 18^th centuries.
The tack consists of a saddle, a girth, stirrups and a bridle with szkofia and a breastplate. The shabrack with a pair of tassets also originates from Adam Sapieha's collection, though the previous owner is unknown.
The saddle, with a pommel and a cantle, is fitted with a gold-plated silver sheet, decorated with Rococo floral motifs, engraved against a dotted background and carnelians encrusted with gold and imitation diamonds. Wooden bars, the seat and wings are covered with apricot velvet with a palmette motif, embroidered with a golden thread. The stirrup leathers are made from amaranthine tape lined with leather. The Turkish stirrups are made of gold-plated brass, an open-work star cut out in the foot.
The shabrack is made of red velvet hardened with hemp canvas and lined with a green-coated linen canvas. The edges are trimmed with a golden-threaded tape and tassels. The velvet has appliqués with motifs of acanthus leaves and palmettes embroidered on a cardboard with a golden thread and sequins. The red velvet tassets are ornamented similarly to the shabrack.
The bridle is made of a crimson tape sewn onto leather, adorned with ornaments made of a gold-plated brass sheet decorated with engraved motifs, carnelians and imitation diamonds. The headstall has a carnelian including a golden Pogoń (Pagonia) coat of arms placed on it, set with gold and encircled with smaller stones. The cartouche has gold-threaded tassels fastened to it. The top part of the headstall has a szkofia dating back to the 17^th century. The calyx-shaped setting, made of gold-plated, engraved and nielloed silver is adorned with floral patterns and inlaid with a red stone and cut rock crystals. The setting has ostrich feathers attached to it. Both sides of the headpiece have pendants made of amaranthine and golden threads in a copper, gold-plated sheet setting, inlaid with carnelians, imitation diamonds and turquoises.
The breastplate made of a crimson tape, and sewn onto a leather padding, is covered with decorative elements identical to the bridle. In the middle, at the tape stitch, there is a decoratively cut-out cartouche with an oval carnelian, adorned with golden-plated ornaments and imitation diamonds.

Important terms:
Bridle — A leather strap harness on a horse's head;
Szkofia — The decoration for a man's hat, a silver eagle wing encrusted with precious stones, used in the 16^th and 17^th centuries;
Shabrack — A pad under the saddle protecting the horse's skin from being chafed (usually made of felt or linen);
Tasset — A piece of armour protecting the hips;
Carnelian — A red precious stone (its name originates from Latin, carnis — meat);
Stirrup leathers — Leather straps used to fasten a stirrup to a saddle;
Palmette — A decorative motif in the form of a stylised palm leaf;
Breastplate — A strap running through the horse's breast and used to keep the saddle in the proper position;
Pogoń — The coat of arms of the Great Duchy of Lithuania;
Girth — A strap running under the horse's stomach aimed at keeping the saddle in the proper position;
Cartouche — A decorative frame of the coat of arms;
Inlaying — A technique of decorating objects, mainly gold items and arms, by incrusting their surface with precious stones.

See also the Hutsul saddle “tornycia” from the collection of the Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Kraków.

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Horse tack according to the family tradition after Hetman Stanisław Jabłonowski

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Horse tack according to the family tradition after Hetman Stanisław Jabłonowski

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