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- Date of production 19th century
- Dimensions height: 70 cm
- ID no. 893
- Museum The Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków
- Subjects technics, health
- Technique casting, chiselling
- Material wood, brass
- Object copyright The Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków
- Digital images copyright public domain
- Digitalisation RDW MIC, Małopolska's Virtual Museums project
- Tags pharmacy , medicines , 3D , public domain , weight
The presented neo-Baroque scales belong to a type of pan scales. For centuries, scales have been the basic tool for working in a pharmacy, related to the preparation and dosage of medicines. The unification of pharmaceutical measures formally took place in 1555, when the Municipal Council of Nuremberg announced...
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The presented neo-Baroque scales belong to a type of pan scales. For centuries, scales have been the basic tool for working in a pharmacy, related to the preparation and dosage of medicines. The unification of pharmaceutical measures formally took place in 1555, when the Municipal Council of Nuremberg announced the ordinance on the unification of mass measures. A new system of measures was developed, called the Nuremberg system. The basic unit of measure of the Nuremberg weighing system was an ounce, divided into pounds, drachmas, scruples, and grains. The decimal system, introduced in 1791 in France, came to the pharmacies in Poland in the 2nd half of 19th century (depending on the partition: in Prussia from 1872, in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire from 1876, and in Russia from 1899). The shape of the smallest weights below one gram was developed by the pharmacist Marian Zahradnik, who combined their shape with the denomination. Each plate also had an additional protrusion that made it easier to grasp it with tweezers. These weights were introduced for general use in pharmacies of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy on 2 February 1893. Soon after, they were adopted in Europe and overseas.
Elaborated by the Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, © all rights reserved
Miss Pharmacist and pharmacy rooms at manor courts
All the medications that nowadays fill the surface of the drawer, formerly occupied an entire room. At the manors, these “first aid kits” contained natural ingredients, spices, liqueurs, vodkas, home-made brews and preserves.
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All the medications that nowadays fill the surface of the drawer, formerly occupied an entire room. At the manors, these “first aid kits” contained natural ingredients, spices, liqueurs, vodkas, home-made brews and preserves. Zygmunt Gloger, analysing the contents of the pharmacy rooms in the Old Polish Encyclopaedia , wrote:
“What – there was no rural pharmacy: the fat of various animals as medicines, dry reptiles, several dozen species of dried herbs, starting from linden flower, chamomile and mint, and ending with various dried fruits and rootlets. We did not forget about the March water from melted snow, which was thought to maintain a beautiful complexion for the fairer sex, and about rose water, which was sprinkled on the floor to lend rooms a pleasant aroma. Water for washing the face was also prepared from cucumbers. Only homemade vinegars were used: raspberry, relish, spinach, currant, barberry etc.”.
A well-stocked first-aid kit was particularly important in places far from the town, where the medic could not reach quickly enough.
Completing and supplementing its content was the housekeeper’s duty. Often, in the manors, the first aid kit was prepared by Mrs. Pharmacist – a poor relative who had no family of her own (this term even became a synonym for an old maid). As Glogger wrote:
“She had everything under her key, she kept everything and watched over the supply with everything, sometimes walking alone with the village girls to collect herbs”.
She was the one who gave first aid in emergency situations not only to the residents of the manor, but also to the surrounding villages.
The atmosphere of an old pharmacy, not only domestic ones, can be enjoyed while visiting the Museum of Pharmacy in Krakow, where an old herb dryer was restored in the attic.
We can find out how varied first-aid kits once were by browsing “the Tibetan Pharmacy” – a manuscript and a set of medicines.
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Elaborated by: Editorial Team of Malopolska’s Virtual Museums,
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Poland License.
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